Here's how a differential works:

This is the G35 rear differential. It consists of an input flange powered by the driveshaft and two output flange that power the wheels through the CV axle.



The differential consists of a ring gear, spider gears, the differential housing, the bearings it rides on and the pinion gear:


Pretty neat how the gears are cut:


Enjoy!

 

Nice informative video as usual.

Without you specifically mentioning it, though, your explanation illustrates why one should never use a locking differential or an old-fashioned part-time 4WD on a paved dry surface, especially if you are going to go around a dry corner. A locked differential means that there is no difference in rotation-speed between the inner and outer wheel, which will not allow for the needed slip on cornering. That can cause harmful stress and pressures on the drivetrain and tires. Old-fashioned part-time 4WD systems, which lack a center differential, essentially lock up all for wheels at the same rotational-speed, causing even more stress and possible damage. On a sick surface, of course, this will not matter, as the road-surface itself will allow for the needed tire-slip...but dry-traction condtions will not allow it. This is why vehicles so-equipped will have warning stickers on the instrument panel, or notes in the Owners' Manual, telling drivers not to use those features on dry surfaces.

 

Fascinating videos this guy makes

 

My truck has an electric locking rear diff and man, that thing has come in handy so many times. I won't buy another truck without it.